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The control system for this bionic prosthesis, developed under the guidance of Professor Andrey Afonin from the Department of Information and Robotic Systems, leverages the unique property of haemoglobin to absorb light.

The human brain consists of several regions, each responsible for specific bodily functions. Movement is primarily governed by the motor cortex, located in the frontal lobe. When an individual intends to move, specific groups of neurons within the motor cortex become activated.

As Professor Afonin explained to , increased blood flow supports these active neurons, and haemoglobin molecules absorb light in the near-infrared range (with wavelengths between 780 and 2500 nanometres, peaking at 850 nanometres). By monitoring which neurons are active, signals can be transmitted to the prosthesis.

The team at BelSU proposes using an external infrared radiation source to stimulate the motor cortex and an external sensor to detect the amount of unabsorbed light. This measurement indicates which neurons are firing and what action the user intends to perform.

“In contrast to similar systems developed by companies like Elon Musk’s, which require implanting electrodes directly into the brain—a procedure that carries inherent risks—our approach offers a safer alternative. Our prosthesis can be controlled using an external device without the need for invasive procedures,” Professor Afonin stated.

The researchers have already created a working prototype of the thought-controlled prosthesis utilizing an infrared transmitter. This model, composed entirely of domestically sourced components, is capable of executing basic movements such as clenching and unclenching a fist in response to brain signals.